Sans diminuer la responsabilite du pou Goebbels dans la nuit de cristal, je voudrais vous faire part d'un passage de mes notes americaines sur Walter Schellenberg concernant cette periode.
November 9-10, 1938: Kristallnacht riots
News of von Rath's death becomes the pretext for a wave of mass violence throughout many parts of Germany against the Jewish community. Prior to vom Rath’s death, Heydrich has anticipated the riots and issues instructions designed to impose some degree of order on the disorders that are coordinated by the SA, local Party and other organizations. The instructions stipulate that:
[Section 1]
a) Only such measures are to be taken which do not endanger German lives or property (i.e., synagogues are to be burned down only where there is no danger of fire in neighboring buildings).
b) Places of business and apartments belonging to Jews may be destroyed but not looted. The police is instructed to supervise the observance of this order and to arrest looters.
c) In commercial streets particular care is to be taken that non-Jewish businesses are completely protected against damage.
[Section 2]
On the assumption that the guidelines detailed under para.1 are observed, the demonstrations are not to be prevented by the Police, which is only to supervise the observance of the guidelines.
Although the SA are the main activists in the rioting that ensue, ordinary members of the public join in virtually everywhere. Hundreds of synagogues are smashed to pieces and burned, hence the name Kristallnacht, the "Night of Broken Glass", Jewish businesses and shops are also destroyed, and 91 Jewish persons lose their lives. Adding insult to injury, destruction, and loss of life which accompanied the pogrom, the Jews of Germany are subjected to a 1 billion Reichsmarks fine and 30,000 Jewish men are rounded up and sent to concentration camps. The international opinion is condemnatory, but, as usual, makes nothing.
Sources: Thalmann, Rita. Feinermann, Emmanuel. Crystal Night: 9-10 November 1938. Thames And Hudson, London -1972.
Noakes, Jeremy. Pridham, G. (ed) Documents on Nazism 1919-1945. Jonathan Cape, London - 1974.
Arad, Yitshak. et.al. Documents on the Holocaust: Selected Sources on the Destruction of the Jews of Germany and Austria, Poland, and the Soviet Union.
M Gilbert. The Holocaust. London: Collins, 1986;
Farmer, A. Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1998 |